Retrieving a SID can be usually done with psgetsid or whoami /all
Here’s a quick snippet to help get you the Secure Identifier (SID) of a local or domain Windows Account within Powershell
$u = New-Object System.Security.Principal.NTAccount('username')
$SID = $u.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])
$SID.Value
And here’s an example:
In case you need to check the well-known SID, they are listed in this article.